Transition of Adolescents With Severe Asthma From Pediatric to Adult Care in Spain: The STAR Consensus.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the degree of consensus among a multidisciplinary expert panel on the transition of adolescents with severe asthma from pediatric to adult care. METHODS: A 61-item survey was developed based on guidelines for other chronic diseases, covering transition planning, preparation, effective transfer, and follow-up. A 2-round Delphi process assessed the degree of consensus among 98 experts (49 pediatricians, 24 allergists, and 25 pulmonologists). Consensus was established with ≥70% agreement. RESULTS: Consensus was reached for 42 items (70%). Panelists were unable to agree on an age range for initiation of transition. The main goal during the transition identified by the experts is for adolescents to gain autonomy in managing severe asthma and prescribed treatments. The panelists agreed on the importance of developing an individualized plan, promoting patient autonomy, and identifying factors associated with the home environment. They agreed that the adult health care team should have expertise in severe asthma, biologics, and management of adolescent patients. Pediatric and adult health care teams should share clinical information, agree on the criteria for maintaining biological therapy, and have an on-site joint visit with the patient before the effective transfer. Adult health care professionals should closely follow the patient after the effective transfer to ensure correct inhaler technique, adherence, and attendance at health care appointments. CONCLUSION: This consensus document provides the first roadmap for Spanish pediatric and adult teams to ensure that key aspects of the transition process in severe asthma are covered. The implementation of these recommendations will improve the quality of care offered to the patient.

Transition of Adolescents With Severe Asthma From Pediatric to Adult Care in Spain: The STAR Consensus

Objective: To assess the degree of consensus among a multidisciplinary expert panel on the transition of adolescents with severe asthma from pediatric to adult care. Methods: A 61-item survey was developed based on guidelines for other chronic diseases, covering transition planning, preparation, effective transfer, and follow-up. A 2-round Delphi process assessed the degree of consensus among 98 experts (49 pediatricians, 24 allergists, and 25 pulmonologists). Consensus was established with ≥70% agreement. Results: Consensus was reached for 42 items (70%). Panelists were unable to agree on an age range for initiation of transition. The main goal during the transition identified by the experts is for adolescents to gain autonomy in managing severe asthma and prescribed treatments. The panelists agreed on the importance of developing an individualized plan, promoting patient autonomy, and identifying factors associated with the home environment. They agreed that the adult health care team should have expertise in severe asthma, biologics, and management of adolescent patients. Pediatric and adult health care teams should share clinical information, agree on the criteria for maintaining biological therapy, and have an on-site joint visit with the patient before the effective transfer. Adult health care professionals should closely follow the patient after the effective transfer to ensure correct inhaler technique, adherence, and attendance at health care appointments. Conclusions: This consensus document provides the first roadmap for Spanish pediatric and adult teams to ensure that key aspects of the transition process in severe asthma are covered. The implementation of these recommendations will improve the quality of care offered to the patient (AU)

Objetivo: Evaluar el grado de consenso con un panel multidisciplinar de expertos sobre la transición del adolescente con asma grave de los servicios de pediatría a atención de adultos. Métodos: Se elaboró un cuestionario de 61 ítems basado en recomendaciones de transición para otras patologías crónicas, abarcando la planificación de la transición, preparación, transferencia efectiva y seguimiento. Se evaluó el nivel de consenso entre 98 expertos (49 pediatras, 24 alergólogos y 25 neumólogos) mediante un proceso Delphi de dos rondas. El consenso se estableció con un acuerdo ≥70%. Resultados: Cuarenta y dos ítems (70%) alcanzaron consenso. Los panelistas no alcanzaron consenso en el rango de edad para iniciar la transición. El principal objetivo a conseguir durante la transición según los expertos fue que el adolescente gane autonomía en el manejodel asma grave y tratamientos prescritos. Asimismo, alcanzaron acuerdo en la importancia de desarrollar un plan individualizado, promover la autonomía del paciente e identificar los factores clave en el entorno familiar. Los especialistas de adultos deben tener experiencia en asma grave y tratamientos biológicos, así como en el manejo de pacientes adolescentes. Los equipos sanitarios de pediatría y de adultos deben compartir la información clínica, consensuar los criterios para mantener la terapia biológica y realizar una visita conjunta con el paciente antes de la transferencia. Los especialistas de adultos deben realizar un seguimiento estrecho del paciente tras la transferencia para asegurar una correcta técnica inhalatoria, el cumplimiento del tratamiento y la asistencia a las citas sanitarias. Conclusiones: Este documento de consenso proporciona la primera hoja de ruta en España para que los equipos especialistas de pediatría y adultos garanticen aspectos clave del proceso de transición en pacientes adolescentes con asma grave. La aplicación de estas (AU)

Eosinophil-derived exosomes contribute to asthma remodelling by activating structural lung cells.

BACKGROUND: Eosinophils, a central factor in asthma pathogenesis, have the ability to secrete exosomes. However, the precise role played by exosomes in the biological processes leading up to asthma has not been fully defined. OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized that exosomes released by eosinophils contribute to asthma pathogenesis by activating structural lung cells. METHODS: Eosinophils from asthmatic patients and healthy volunteers were purified from peripheral blood, and exosomes were isolated from eosinophils of asthmatic and healthy individuals. All experiments were performed with eosinophil-derived exosomes from healthy and asthmatic subjects. Epithelial damage was evaluated using primary small airway epithelial cell lines through 2 types of apoptosis assays, that is, flow cytometry and TUNEL assay with confocal microscopy. Additionally, the epithelial repair was analysed by performing wound healing assays with epithelial cells. Functional studies such as proliferation and inhibition-proliferation assays were carried out in primary bronchial smooth muscle cell lines. Also, gene expression analysis of pro-inflammatory molecules was evaluated by real-time PCR on epithelial and muscle cells. Lastly, protein expression of epithelial and muscle cell signalling factors was estimated by Western blot. RESULTS: Asthmatic eosinophil-derived exosomes induced an increase in epithelial cell apoptosis at 24 hour and 48 hour, impeding wound closure. In addition, muscle cell proliferation was increased at 72 hours after exosome addition and was linked with higher phosphorylation of ERK1/2. We also found higher expression of several genes when both cell types were cultured in the presence of exosomes from asthmatics: CCR3 and VEGFA in muscle cells, and CCL26, TNF and POSTN in epithelial cells. Healthy eosinophil-derived exosomes did not exert any effect over these cell types. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Eosinophil-derived exosomes from asthmatic patients participate actively in the development of the pathological features of asthma via structural lung cells.

Doxylamine allergy in a pregnant woman: suitability of the basophil activation test

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Asthma due to swiss chard: identification of a new allergen

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Occupational asthma and dermatitis induced by eugenol in a cleaner

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Occupational asthma in seafood manufacturing and food allergy to seafood

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Rhinitis due to larvae used in pet food Uriarte SA

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Eosinophilic bronchitis caused by styrene

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Changes in Exhaled Nitric Oxide After Inhalation Challenge With Occupational Agents

Background and objective: The use of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) concentration has been proposed as a surrogate marker for monitoring airway response to specific inhalation challenge (SIC). We investigated the usefulness of FeNO measurements for monitoring airway response to SIC with occupational agents. Material and methods: Workers with suspected occupational asthma were recruited to undergo SIC with occupational agents and subsequently FeNO testing at baseline and 24 hours. Results: Sixty-eight patients were evaluated, 45 of whom had a positive SIC. SIC-positive patients showed a significant increase in FeNO 24 hours postchallenge, with an increase ratio of 1.25 (95% CI, 1.05-1.48; P=.01); no increase was seen in patients with a negative SIC (P=.08). The predictive capacity of variations in FeNO showed that for each unit increase in FeNO, the probability of a positive SIC rose by 4%. A baseline FeNO value of 25 ppb predicted a positive SIC with 60% sensitivity and 80% specifi city. The increase in %FeNO cutoff point providing maximal sensitivity and specificity for predicting a positive SIC was 41% (sensitivity 50%, specificity 95%). Conclusions: We demonstrated that asthmatic reactions induced by occupational agents during SICs are associated with a consistent increase in FeNO. However, the predictive diagnostic capacity of FeNO measurements is low. While FeNO may aid in the interpretation of SIC in some cases, it cannot be used as a general surrogate marker to predict or to assess SICs with occupational agents (AU)

Antecedentes y objetivo: Se ha sugerido la medición del oxido nítrico exhalado (FeNO) como un marcador en la monitorización de la respuesta de las vías respiratorias a provocaciones específicas bronquiales (SIC). Hemos investigado la utilidad de la medición del FeNO en la monitorización de la respuesta de la vía respiratoria a SIC con agentes ocupacionales. Materiales and métodos: Se han reclutado trabajadores con sospecha de asma ocupacional sometidos a SIC y a los que se les determino FeNO antes y a las 24 horas del SIC. Resultados: Un total de 68 fueron evaluados, 45 de ellos tuvieron un SIC positivo. En los pacientes SIC-positivos el FeNO aumento de forma significativa 24 horas tras el SIC con un incremento en el cociente de 1.25 (IC 1.05-1.48,p=0.01), pero no en el grupo de SIC-negativo (p=0.08). La capacidad predictiva de la variación del FeNO mostro que por cada unidad de incremento en FENO, el riesgo de tener un SIC positivo se incremento un 4%. Un valor de FeNO basal de 25 ppb predijo un SIC positivo con una sensibilidad del 60% y una especificidad del 80%. El punto de corte que dio la máxima sensibilidad y especificidad de incremento del %FeNO para predecir un SIC positivo fue del 41% (sensibilidad 50%, especificidad 95%). Conclusiones: Se ha demostrado que las reacciones asmáticas inducidas por agentes ocupacionales durante SICs se asocian a un consistente aumento del FeNO. Sin embargo, su capacidad predictiva es baja. Aunque esta medición puede ayudar a interpretar los SICs, en algunos casos, no se puede generalizar su uso como marcador indirecto para predecir o valorar los SICs con agentes ocupacionales (AU)

Occupational Asthma Due to Polyvinyl Chloride and Methyl Methacrylate in a Plumber

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Changes in exhaled nitric oxide after inhalation challenge with occupational agents.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The use of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) concentration has been proposed as a surrogate marker for monitoring airway response to specific inhalation challenge (SIC). We investigated the usefulness of FeNO measurements for monitoring airway response to SIC with occupational agents. Materialandmethods: Workers with suspected occupational asthma were recruited to undergo SIC with occupational agents and subsequently FeNO testing at baseline and 24 hours. RESULTS: Sixty-eight patients were evaluated, 45 of whom had a positive SIC. SIC-positive patients showed a significant increase in FeNO 24 hours postchallenge, with an increase ratio of 1.25 (95% CI, 1.05-1.48; P=.01); no increase was seen in patients with a negative SIC (P=.08). The predictive capacity of variations in FeNO showed that for each unit increase in FeNO, the probability of a positive SIC rose by 4%. A baseline FeNO value of 25 ppb predicted a positive SIC with 60% sensitivity and 80% specificity. The increase in %FeNO cutoff point providing maximal sensitivity and specificity for predicting a positive SIC was 41% (sensitivity 50%, specificity 95%). CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated that asthmatic reactions induced by occupational agents during SICs are associated with a consistent increase in FeNO. However, the predictive diagnostic capacity of FeNO measurements is low. While FeNO may aid in the interpretation of SIC in some cases, it cannot be used as a general surrogate marker to predict or to assess SICs with occupational agents.